使用 Kubeadm 部署（单master）

使用 Kubeadm 部署(单master)

预先准备

环境：

角色	IP
master	172.16.1.129
node01	172.16.1.133

修改当前的主机名，确保不是 localhost：

hostnamectl set-hostname master

为各节点添加主机名解析，编辑/etc/hosts：

...
172.16.1 master master.agou-ops.com
172.16.1 node01 node01.aogu-ops.com

确保任意节点上 Kubelet使用的 IP 地址可互通（无需 NAT 映射即可相互访问），且没有防火墙、安全组隔离

关闭防火墙和SElinux：

sed -i 's/SELINUX=*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# getenforce 确定当前SElinux状态
systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld

安装 docker 以及 kubelet ：

# --------- 在 master 和 node 节点执行 -----------

# 使用阿里云 docker 镜像加速，可以自行去控制台申请，在这里我使用公共加速镜像
export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

# 编辑脚本快速安装，内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

# 在 master 节点和 worker 节点都要执行

# 安装 docker
# 参考文档如下
# https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/
# https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/

# 卸载旧版本
yum remove -y docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-engine

# 设置 yum repository
yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 安装并启动 docker
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8 containerd.io
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

# 安装 nfs-utils
# 必须先安装 nfs-utils 才能挂载 nfs 网络存储
yum install -y nfs-utils
yum install -y wget

# 关闭 swap ××重要××
swapoff -a && echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf && sysctl -p && free –h

# 修改 /etc/sysctl.conf
# 如果有配置，则修改
sed -i "s#^net.ipv4.ip_forward.*#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
# 可能没有，追加
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
# 执行命令以应用
sysctl -p

# 配置K8S的yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 卸载旧版本
yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
# 将 ${1} 替换为 kubernetes 版本号，例如 1.17.2
yum install -y kubelet-${1} kubeadm-${1} kubectl-${1}

# 修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd
# # 将/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件中的这一行 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
# # 修改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd
# 如果不修改，在添加 worker 节点时可能会碰到如下错误
# [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd".
# Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 设置 docker 镜像，提高 docker 镜像下载速度和稳定性
# 如果您访问 https://hub.docker.io 速度非常稳定，亦可以跳过这个步骤
curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR}

# 重启 docker，并启动 kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

docker version

:warning: WARNING

如果此时执行 service status kubelet 命令，将得到 kubelet 启动失败的错误提示，请忽略此错误，因为必须完成后续步骤中 kubeadm init 的操作，kubelet 才能正常启动

赋予权限及运行：

chmod +x preinstall.sh
./preinstall.sh 1.18.2

初始化 master 节点

关于初始化时用到的环境变量

APISERVER_NAME 不能是 master 的 hostname
APISERVER_NAME 必须全为小写字母、数字、小数点，不能包含减号
POD_SUBNET 所使用的网段不能与 master节点/worker节点 所在的网段重叠。该字段的取值为一个 CIDR 值，如果您对 CIDR 这个概念还不熟悉，请仍然执行 export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.1/16 命令，不做修改

在 master 节点上运行：

# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 master 节点的内网IP
# export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效，开启新的 shell 窗口后，如果要继续安装过程，请重新执行此处的 export 命令
export MASTER_IP=172.16.1.129
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为 您想要的 dnsName
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.agou.com
# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段，该网段安装完成后，由 kubernetes 创建，事先并不存在于您的物理网络中
export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.1/16
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

在master节点上添加以下脚本：

#!/bin/bash

# 只在 master 节点执行

# 脚本出错时终止执行
set -e

if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m"
  echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET
  echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME
  exit 1
fi


# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2
rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml
cat <<EOF > ./kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v${1}
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16"
  podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}"
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
EOF

# kubeadm init
# 根据您服务器网速的情况，您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

# 配置 kubectl
rm -rf /root/.kube/
mkdir /root/.kube/
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

# 安装 calico 网络插件
# 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.13/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises
echo "安装calico-3.13.1"
rm -f calico-3.13.1.yaml
wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.13.1.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml

执行该脚本：

bash master_init.sh 1.18.2

检查master初始化结果：

# 执行如下命令，等待 3-10 分钟，直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide

# 查看 master 节点初始化结果
kubectl get nodes -o wide

初始化 node 节点

获得 join命令参数

在master 节点上获取join命令行：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

:information_source: 有效时间

该 token 的有效时间为 2 个小时，2小时内，您可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。

初始化 node 节点

编辑本地主机解析文件/etc/hosts：

# 添加以下内容
172.16.1.129    apiserver.agou.com

执行从master节点上获取的join命令：

kubeadm join apiserver.agou.com:6443 --token 7t8xh1.2y6pzjpgl9eai0kd     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a57479ae585f0c0a617d890c62c15c71023d85d4d55f4dd8fffeb56d9a467ef7

检查初始化结果

在master节点上执行：

kubectl get nodes -o wide

安装 Ingress Controller

编辑初始化文件nginx-ingress.yaml，内容如下：

# 如果打算用于生产环境，请参考 https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/blob/v1.5.5/docs/installation.md 并根据您自己的情况做进一步定制

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress
  namespace: nginx-ingress

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: default-server-secret
  namespace: nginx-ingress
type: Opaque
data:
  tls.crt: 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
  tls.key: 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

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-config
  namespace: nginx-ingress
data:
  server-names-hash-bucket-size: "1024"


---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - secrets
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
  - update
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - list
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - "extensions"
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - k8s.nginx.org
  resources:
  - virtualservers
  - virtualserverroutes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get

---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: nginx-ingress
  namespace: nginx-ingress
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress
  namespace: nginx-ingress
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    prometheus.io/port: "9113"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-ingress
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-ingress
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress
      containers:
      - image: nginx/nginx-ingress:1.5.5
        name: nginx-ingress
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 80
        - name: https
          containerPort: 443
          hostPort: 443
        - name: prometheus
          containerPort: 9113
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        args:
          - -nginx-configmaps=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-config
          - -default-server-tls-secret=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-server-secret
         #- -v=3 # Enables extensive logging. Useful for troubleshooting.
         #- -report-ingress-status
         #- -external-service=nginx-ingress
         #- -enable-leader-election
          - -enable-prometheus-metrics
         #- -enable-custom-resources

执行初始化：

kubectl apply -f nginx-ingress.yaml

参考自：https://kuboard.cn/ 仅稍作修改。

参考链接

kuboard documetation： https://kuboard.cn/install/install-k8s.html
image-pull-backoff解决方案：https://kuboard.cn/learning/faq/image-pull-backoff.html